simile
a simile makes a comparison by using a word (like,or,as)
as in the cat is as black as ink
metaphor
one thing (idea,place,person,deed or so forth) is compared to another without using words (like,as,as if,and)
as in save thou my rose
peresonification
some object, place or obstract idea is turned into a person with human qualities
hyperbole
exaggeration
as in i nearly died of laughing
irony
saving one thing meaning another
symbol
an object which stands for something else
as in a dove symbolises peace